Comparison of Basic Programming Rules in C++ and Python

 Here is a comparison of basic programming rules in C++ and Python, along with simple code examples to illustrate each concept:

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🔹 1. Program Structure and Syntax

Concept	C++	Python
File extension	.cpp	.py
Compilation	Required (e.g., g++)	Interpreted
Semicolons	Required (;)	Not used
Braces {}	Used to define blocks	Indentation defines blocks

Example: Hello World

C++

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
    cout << "Hello, World!" << endl;
    return 0;
}

Python

print("Hello, World!")

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🔹 2. Variables and Data Types

C++	Python
Variables must be declared with a type	Dynamically typed
int, float, char, etc.	int, float, str, etc.

C++

int age = 25;
float weight = 70.5;
char grade = 'A';

Python

age = 25
weight = 70.5
grade = 'A'

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🔹 3. Input/Output

C++	Python
Uses cin and cout	Uses input() and print()

C++

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
    int x;
    cout << "Enter a number: ";
    cin >> x;
    cout << "You entered: " << x << endl;
    return 0;
}

Python

x = int(input("Enter a number: "))
print("You entered:", x)

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🔹 4. Conditional Statements

C++

int x = 10;
if (x > 5) {
    cout << "x is greater than 5";
} else {
    cout << "x is 5 or less";
}

Python

x = 10
if x > 5:
    print("x is greater than 5")
else:
    print("x is 5 or less")

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🔹 5. Loops

For loop

C++

for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
    cout << i << " ";
}

Python

for i in range(5):
    print(i, end=" ")

While loop

C++

int i = 0;
while (i < 5) {
    cout << i << " ";
    i++;
}

Python

i = 0
while i < 5:
    print(i, end=" ")
    i += 1

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🔹 6. Functions

C++

int add(int a, int b) {
    return a + b;
}

Python

def add(a, b):
    return a + b

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🔹 7. Classes and Objects

C++

class Person {
public:
    string name;
    int age;
    
    void greet() {
        cout << "Hello, my name is " << name << endl;
    }
};

Python

class Person:
    def __init__(self, name, age):
        self.name = name
        self.age = age

    def greet(self):
        print("Hello, my name is", self.name)